CYP2D6 seems to by main enzyme to "destroy" LSD it's inhibition in theory increase strength ant time of LSD effects. Lot of herbs can have effect on this enzyme so it may be useful for potentiation. Searching more info about it what herbs, dosage, safety, personal experience...
Links to studys/info i found so far: (last update 8.12 2023)
Cytochrome P450 enzymes contribute to the metabolism of LSD to nor-LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD: Implications for clinical LSD use
Genetic influence of CYP2D6 on pharmacokinetics and acute subjective effects of LSD in a pooled analysis
www.nature.com
* in people with less active enzyme variant is LSD stronger and have longer effect
Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) is a measure of the potency of a substance in inhibiting a specific biological or biochemical function. IC50 is a quantitative measure that indicates how much of a particular inhibitory substance (e.g. drug) is needed to inhibit, in vitro, a given biological process or biological component by 50%.
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Quinine - Lots of dangerous side effects
en.m.wikipedia.org
In tonic water max 100mg/l in EU
Dietary levels of quinine in tonic water do not inhibit CYP2D6 in vivo (80mg - 1l tonic water)
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Grapefruit juice
Potent inhibition of human cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9 isoenzymes by grapefruit juice and its furocoumarins
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Strongest effect on CYP3A4
The effects last because grapefruit-mediated inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes, like CYP3A4, is irreversible;[29] that is, once the grapefruit has "broken" the enzyme, the intestinal cells must produce more of the enzyme to restore their capacity to metabolize drugs that the enzyme is used to metabolize.[13] It takes around 24 hours to regain 50% of the cell's baseline enzyme activity and it can take 72 hours for the enzyme activity to completely return to baseline. For this reason, simply separating citrus consumption and medications taken daily does not avoid the drug interaction
*One study did not find any significant effect on CYP2D6 200ml juice 5days
Only abstract not much info
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Significant difference between in vivo and in vitro data.
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Curcuma longa[
Effect of Curcuma longa on CYP2D6- and CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of dextromethorphan in human liver microsomes and healthy human subjects
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Curcumin inhibited CYP1A2 (IC(50), 40.0 microM), CYP3A4 (IC(50), 16.3 microM), CYP2D6 (IC(50), 50.3 microM), CYP2C9 (IC(50), 4.3 microM) and CYP2B6 (IC(50), 24.5 microM). Curcumin showed a competitive type of inhibition towards CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2B6, whereas a non-competitive type of inhibition was observed with respect to CYP2D6 and CYP2C9. The inhibitory activity towards CYP3A4, shown by curcumin may have implications for drug-drug interactions in the intestines, in case of high exposure of the intestines to curcumin upon oral administration. In spite of the significant inhibitory activities shown towards the major CYPs in vitro, it remains to be established, whether curcumin will cause significant drug-drug interactions in the liver, given the reported low systemic exposure of the liver to curcumin.
*Pure turmeric powder had the highest curcumin concentration, averaging 3.14% by weight.
*Bioaviability is very poor - The average serum concentrations after taking 4, 6, and 8 g of curcumin were 0.51 ± 0.11 μM, 0.63 ± 0.06 μM, and 1.77 ± 1.87 μM, respectively.
Moreover, powdered curcuminoids incorporated into buttermilk (300 mg curcuminoids/100 g of buttermilk, 0.3%), before yogurt manufacturing, resulted in increased in bioaccessibility (15-folds) of curcuminoids compared to that of neat curcuminoids. However, the enhanced bioaccessibility of curcuminoids in yogurt was still low (approximately 6%) (Fu et al., 2016)
*
Increase with lecitin or piperin but still seems too low to be usefull
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
*curcumin molar mass 368,38 g/mol
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Ginseng ?
Camollmile ?
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CBD
Cannabidiol, a major phytocannabinoid, as a potent atypical inhibitor for CYP2D6
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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B3
In vitro inhibition studies demonstrate that, at their therapeutic concentrations, both nicotinic acid and nicotinamide inhibit CYP2D6 (Ki=3.8±0.3 and 19 ± 4 mM, respectively). Nicotinamide also inhibits CYP3A4 (Ki=13±3 mM) and CYP2E1 (Ki=13±8 mM)
B3 as trip killer MAPS - Psychedelic Bibliography
Links to studys/info i found so far: (last update 8.12 2023)
Cytochrome P450 enzymes contribute to the metabolism of LSD to nor-LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD: Implications for clinical LSD use
Genetic influence of CYP2D6 on pharmacokinetics and acute subjective effects of LSD in a pooled analysis
Genetic influence of CYP2D6 on pharmacokinetics and acute subjective effects of LSD in a pooled analysis - Scientific Reports
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a classic psychedelic substance that is used recreationally and investigated in psychiatric research. There are no pharmacogenetic studies on LSD. In vitro metabolic studies indicate that several cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms (e.g., CYP2D6, CYP1A2, and...
www.nature.com
Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) is a measure of the potency of a substance in inhibiting a specific biological or biochemical function. IC50 is a quantitative measure that indicates how much of a particular inhibitory substance (e.g. drug) is needed to inhibit, in vitro, a given biological process or biological component by 50%.
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Quinine - Lots of dangerous side effects
Quinine - Wikipedia
Dietary levels of quinine in tonic water do not inhibit CYP2D6 in vivo (80mg - 1l tonic water)
Dietary levels of quinine in tonic water do not inhibit CYP2D6 in vivo - PubMed
Quinine is a bitter alkaloid that is used as a flavoring agent in tonic water. Studies suggest that quinine can inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) which could have implications for the metabolism of co-ingested drugs. We conducted a study with 11 healthy volunteers (7 men, 4 women; aged...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Grapefruit juice
Potent inhibition of human cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9 isoenzymes by grapefruit juice and its furocoumarins
Potent inhibition of human cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9 isoenzymes by grapefruit juice and its furocoumarins - PubMed
The cytochrome P450 enzyme family is the most abundant and responsible for the metabolism of more than 60% of currently marketed drugs and is considered central in many clinically important drug interactions. Seven different grapefruit and pummelo juices as well as 5 furocoumarins isolated from...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Strongest effect on CYP3A4
The effects last because grapefruit-mediated inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes, like CYP3A4, is irreversible;[29] that is, once the grapefruit has "broken" the enzyme, the intestinal cells must produce more of the enzyme to restore their capacity to metabolize drugs that the enzyme is used to metabolize.[13] It takes around 24 hours to regain 50% of the cell's baseline enzyme activity and it can take 72 hours for the enzyme activity to completely return to baseline. For this reason, simply separating citrus consumption and medications taken daily does not avoid the drug interaction
*One study did not find any significant effect on CYP2D6 200ml juice 5days
Only abstract not much info
----
Significant difference between in vivo and in vitro data.
----
Curcuma longa[
Effect of Curcuma longa on CYP2D6- and CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of dextromethorphan in human liver microsomes and healthy human subjects
Effect of Curcuma longa on CYP2D6- and CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of dextromethorphan in human liver microsomes and healthy human subjects - PubMed
Effect of Curcuma longa rhizome powder and its ethanolic extract on CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 metabolic activity was investigated in vitro using human liver microsomes and clinically in healthy human subjects. Dextromethorphan (DEX) was used as common probe for CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes. Metabolic...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Inhibition of human recombinant cytochrome P450s by curcumin and curcumin decomposition products - PubMed
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a major yellow pigment and dietary component derived from Curcuma longa. It has potent anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant and chemoprotective activities among others. We studied the interactions of curcumin, a mixture of its decomposition products...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
*Pure turmeric powder had the highest curcumin concentration, averaging 3.14% by weight.
*Bioaviability is very poor - The average serum concentrations after taking 4, 6, and 8 g of curcumin were 0.51 ± 0.11 μM, 0.63 ± 0.06 μM, and 1.77 ± 1.87 μM, respectively.
Moreover, powdered curcuminoids incorporated into buttermilk (300 mg curcuminoids/100 g of buttermilk, 0.3%), before yogurt manufacturing, resulted in increased in bioaccessibility (15-folds) of curcuminoids compared to that of neat curcuminoids. However, the enhanced bioaccessibility of curcuminoids in yogurt was still low (approximately 6%) (Fu et al., 2016)
*
Increase with lecitin or piperin but still seems too low to be usefull
Dietary Curcumin: Correlation between Bioavailability and Health Potential
The yellow pigment curcumin, extracted from turmeric, is a renowned polyphenol with a broad spectrum of health properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-allergic, anti-dermatophyte, and neuroprotective. ...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
*curcumin molar mass 368,38 g/mol
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Ginseng ?
Camollmile ?
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CBD
Cannabidiol, a major phytocannabinoid, as a potent atypical inhibitor for CYP2D6
Cannabidiol, a major phytocannabinoid, as a potent atypical inhibitor for CYP2D6 - PubMed
Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol are the three major cannabinoids contained in marijuana, which are devoid of nitrogen atoms in their structures. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of the major phytocannabinoids on the catalytic activity of human...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
B3
In vitro inhibition studies demonstrate that, at their therapeutic concentrations, both nicotinic acid and nicotinamide inhibit CYP2D6 (Ki=3.8±0.3 and 19 ± 4 mM, respectively). Nicotinamide also inhibits CYP3A4 (Ki=13±3 mM) and CYP2E1 (Ki=13±8 mM)
B3 as trip killer MAPS - Psychedelic Bibliography