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This is known as nādānusaṃdhāna (contemplating the inner sound) in haṭha yoga or simply as nāda yoga. The Indian tradition describes the modulation of the sound one hears as the state of absorption deepens:


"In the initial stage of practice, various kinds of loud noises are heard. As the practice develops, increasingly subtle sounds are heard. In the beginning [the sounds] of the ocean, thunder, a kettledrum and a jharjhara drum occur. In the intermediate [stage], [the sounds] of mardala drum and conch arise, then of a bell and a kāhala drum. In the last [stage there arise] the sounds of a small bell, a flute, a veena and a bee. These are the various sounds that are heard within the body.


When he hears loud sounds like thunder, kettledrums and so on, he should focus only on the very subtlest sound. Whether it has put a loud sound in a quiet one or a quiet one in a loud one, one should not move one’s distracted mind elsewhere, even if it is taking pleasure. The mind becomes steady exactly where it first cleaves to a sound, and dissolves together with it.


Just as a bee drinking nectar pays no attention to the perfume, so a mind attached to sound does not desire the objects of the senses. The mind, a rutting elephant wandering about in the garden of sense objects, can be brought under control by this sharp goad of sound.  The mind which is bound by the fetter of sound is entirely free of

unsteadiness. It becomes completely still, like a bird with clipped wings." - Haṭhapradīpikā, The Roots of Yoga - Mallinson & Singleton


FYI This description is not meant to be taken literally. The practice is in essence about concentrating the mind upon this internal unstruck ringing sound (tinnitus) until the activity of discursive thought has been completely suspended and one experiences a condition of pure awareness, where all objective content has been dissolved and one rests in a state of pure subjectivity ie. samādhi.


Practices of pranayama prior to meditation upon the inner sound tend to make it easier to perceive it and to become absorbed in it. Harmala's are also likely to create an accentuation of the inner sound because of their CNS stimulating effects at moderate doses. The general 'trick' is to generate enough stimulation so that it is easy to perceive and remain focussed on the inner sound but not so much stimulation that you become agitated and unable to relax fully into an absorptive state.


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