Highly interested in this topic! As an medical practicioner I would say that Im hard-pressed to believe the issue with a particular photoreceptor can be altered once a psychedelic trip is over. It's a anatomical change and a mutation at the level of the chromossome, ultimately affecting a photoreceptor in the eye. Having said that, the brain is still the structure that interprets vision. If you imagine a psychedelic trip in comparison to an out of body experience, you may be seeing colors you normally don't (depending on what you are getting there/time/intensity/stage of the experience) and carry it over a little to the physical realm immediately after. But I doubt it's a lasting effect.
Im curious to hear what a blind person would experience. It's probably not too different than what we experience, as the notion of vision is not foreign to your higher self, but likely with a shit load joy and happiness that in the beginning exponentially surpasses ours (visual beings).