I think examining the root causes is important and makes good sense. Only through such examination can you gain awareness, and only after awareness can you intentionally address the issues. Meditative practice of one form or another may help in cultivating such awareness.

That said, I would like to point out something that comes across in your words. You state

From my outside perspective, this seems like a categorical mismatch. That is "doing psychedelics" is an acute/discrete act that lasts for a quantifiable amount of time. Things like "being responsible, growing responsible, taking care of myself, thinking in advance, building for the long term" are all ongoing processes that, imo, only stop when you're dead. Really, imo, the acute action of taking psychedelics should serve to inform the actions/intentions that go into these longer processes of creating a personally-desirable self.

It sounds like you have other things distracting you from doing the things you say you want to do. Or perhaps you don't really want to do the things you say you want to do but have some narrative built up about "wanting" or "needing" to do them? I don't know you, so I can't say, but I think we generally tend to do the things we want to do. If you feel blocked in a pursuit, it probably makes sense to assess that blockage and any root cause(s) you can identify.

As to the question in the thread title, "Is the concept of spiritual path an escape from actually doing something constructive," I'd offer a few thoughts:

1) I don't think that concepts can be escapist, at least not until they're acted on. Heaven as a concept isn't escapist, but once people decide they don't have to work at this life because a better one awaits them when they die, sure that could be labelled as "escapist."

2) This would change the question to "Is the pursuit of a spiritual path an escape from actually doing something constructive," which I would posit is an overly broad/vague question. A spiritual path in the abstract is just that, an abstraction. What does it look like in reality? Take a few additionally vague examples:

If your spiritual path involves helping others while taking care of your own life, that doesn't appear to be escapist. If your spiritual path involves helping others as a means of neglecting your own life, that sounds like it could be escapist. If your spiritual path is to neglect everything while getting lost in the divine, that sounds escapist to me.

3) What is something constructive? Most of the things that dominant culture labels constructive (participating in the industrial economy, buying a house, consuming products, etc.) have rather destructive/detrimental effects. But even aside from this, say your parents want you to be a lawyer, but you would rather be an artist. Is one path more constructive? Some people will certainly say so, but are they really commenting on degrees of constructiveness or on some other measure (like security) that becomes easy to conflate within the context of consumer culture and industrial civilization?

The value judgement of "constructive" acts, much like the definition of a "spiritual path" appears to depend on the given individual and the choices they make (or any who would pass judgement on that individual and their choices).

4) I think that the most ideal "spiritual paths" (or practices) would be any that cultivate an internal/external awareness that informs a practice of doing something that you find to be constructive and promotes some sort of active empathy.

Or, put into a somewhat nihilistic perspective: Nothing has any inherent value, nothing has any inherent meaning, you have all the power in the world to create your own values and pursue spiritual paths in a personally-fulfilling manner that reinforces your constructive goals. Ain't that grand?