Modern brain imaging technology is giving us some interesting insights in this area.
We have two alternate networks in our brains. One is the Default Mode Network which is associated with high level constructs such as sense of self and ego and is implicated in inward focused processes such as fantasizing and daydreaming. The alternate network is the Task Processing Network which is associated with various outward focused attentional processes such as interacting with our environment and engaging in various problem solving tasks. Generally these networks function independent of each other, that is if one is active the other is dormant, and they switch back and forth depending on what type of activities we are engaged in.
Both meditation and psychedelics, as well as hypnosis and other consciousness altering practices, are associated with a decrease in activity in the Default Mode Network. This is quite intriguing as it demonstrates a biological basis for states of ego dissolution. Taking this a step further, we find that in states of really deep meditation wherein the meditator undergoes a blurring of the lines of subject/object duality and experiences states of oneness we see relative deactivation in both the DMN and the TPN. We find exactly the same effect on larger doses of psychedelics.
Pair this with the fact that meditation and yoga are demonstrated to increase production of endogenous tryptamines such as melatonin and serotonin and lower endogenous levels of MAO and the parallels are quite striking indeed. We also find similar overlap in EEG research with the majority of the more profound meditation and psychedelic states taking place when the neurons in the brain are oscillating in the theta frequency range.
Perhaps these states may have more in common than we typically give them credit for.
References and Resources
Brewer, J. A., Worhunsky, P. D., Gray, J. R., Tang, Y. Y., Weber, J., & Kober, H. (2011). Meditation experience is associated with differences in default mode network activity and connectivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(50), 20254-20259.
Carhart-Harris, R. (2013, April). Brain imaging studies with psilocybin and mdma. Presentation delivered at Maps psychedelic science 2013, Oakland, California. Retrieved from
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Erritzoe, D., Williams, T., Stone, J. M., Reed, L. J., Colasanti, A., ... & Nutt, D. J. (2012). Neural correlates of the psychedelic state as determined by fMRI studies with psilocybin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(6), 2138-2143.
de Fontes, F. P. X. (2012). Alterações da default mode network provocadas pela ingestão de Ayahuasca investigadas por Ressonância Magnética Funcional.
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McGeown, W. J., Mazzoni, G., Venneri, A., & Kirsch, I. (2009). Hypnotic induction decreases anterior default mode activity. Consciousness and Cognition, 18(4), 848-855.
Razam, R. (Producer) (2014, February 22). Dinner with Dr. Juan. In a Perfect World. [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from
81: Dinner with Dr. Juan
Tooley, G. A., Armstrong, S. M., Norman, T. R., & Sali, A. (2000). Acute increases in night-time plasma melatonin levels following a period of meditation. Biological Psychology, 53(1), 69-78.