Analogue
Rising Star
(This proceedure is very simple and can be explained in a few sentences, but seeing as how there isn't a pictorial for it out there/several unnecessarily complex teks out there I thought i would add this)
What is Piperine??
Piperine is one of the main actives in common black and white pepper (usually 5-9% by weight) and used both in synthesis, as well as a potentiator of many compounds, in that it inhibits certain enzymes that break down various actives, increasing bioavailability. (Meaning it increases the % of a substance that your body can absorb)
(Specifically, Piperine is a P450 inhibitor, as well as a p-glycoprotein inhibitor)
NOTES: Gloved are a good idea to use to avoid getting piperine onto sensitive areas (burns similar to capsaicin)
While the pepper/alcohol solution is still concentrated, it can evaporate/easy to inhale which can be irritating, but
relatively harmless
Step 1:
Grind/pulverize black pepper (Piper nigrum)
I just used a regular bladed coffee grinder
Step 1.5:
It may be possible to increase yield of piperine and shorten duration of extraction time by microwaving the pepper for a minute or two on high (spread the coarsely ground pepper evenly on a plate), prior to adding to your solvent. (may want to add a mug of water while microwaving to protect the magnetron)
-Credit to Crystalito
(no personal experience yet)
Step 2:
Soak/Shake pepper in a jar with 91% or higher isopropanol (rubbing) alcohol for a day or two
(the ratio for pepper to alcohol isn't exact, but its good to have the alcohol level decently higher then the pepper level when settled to make decanting easier)
this picture is after i already decanted some with a syringe
NOTE: May be possible to substitute ISO with water and the addition of a surfacent (odium dodecyl sulfate) for those of you who dont have easy/cheap access to rubbing alcohol.
Credit to Crystalito
(no firsthand experience)
Step 3:
Dilute the alcohol you decanted off with water.
(again, the proportions aren't precise, just dilute the alcohol solution enough to make it cloudy, you cant really add too much water, it just means you'll just need to filter more solution)
as soon as you add the solution to water the piperine should precipitate as it is insoluble in water
Step 4:
Shake the watered down solution briefly and then let it sit for several days (two or three)
should look about like this
Step 5:
Filter out your crystals! (while you cant see them since they're suspended in the solution, the crystals have separated and grown large enough to not pass through he coffee filter (I used the top portion of a 2-liter bottle with just one regular circular coffee filter, no need to double up)
Step 6:
Let dry and scrape up (its ready to go!) it looks like yellow cotton candy in person.. also can be re-crystalized if you want to try to grow beautiful crystals, however they are ready to use now!
(I suggest those who are interested/dont know yet to also look up curcumin, as piperine increases absorption by up to 2000%)
List of Piperine affected substances
(taken from Observant's post here in the nexus)
"Table 1. Substances for which piperine has been directly shown to increase bioavailability.
barbiturates
beta-carotene
coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
curcumin (extract from turmeric)
dapsone
ethambutol isoniazid
nalorphine
phenytoin
propranolol
pyrazinamide
rifampicin selenium (from selenomethionine)
sulfadiazene
theophylline
vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine)
glucose (absorption increased)
amino acids (absorption increased)
A far larger list could be compiled of substances (including drugs and dietary substances) whose bioavailability is assumed to be altered by piperine due to the known effects of piperine on proteins that metabolize or transport these substances.
Table 2 lists some of the drugs that fall into this category. It would be useful to have an analogous list for dietary substances, but in most cases the data do not exist.
Table 2. Metabolizing enzymes inhibited or induced by piperine, and a few of the substances whose bioavailability is affected by these enzymes. Metabolizing Enzymes: CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP1B2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4
Drugs: acetaminophen, alfentanyl, amiodarone, amlodipine, astemizole, atorvastatin, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, buspirone, Cafergot, caffeine, carbamazepine, cerivastatin, chlorpheniramine, chlorzoxazone, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, cisapride, clarithromycin, cocaine, codeine, cyclosporine, dapsone, dextromethorphan, diethyl-dithiocarbamate, diltiazem, disulfiram, efavirenz, enflurane, eplerenone, erythromycin, estradiol, ethanol, felodipine, fentanyl, finasteride, fluconazole, fluvoxamine, gestodene, Gleevec, glucocorticoids, haloperidol, halothane, hydrocortisone, indinavir, irinotecan, isoflurane, isoniazid, itraconazole, ketoconazole, LAAM, lercanidipine, lidocaine, lovastatin, methadone, methoxyflurane, mibefradil, mifepristone, modafinil, nefazodone, nelfinavir, nevirapine, nifedipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, norfloxacin, norfluoxetine, odanestron, phenobarbital, phenytoin, pimozide, pioglitazone, progesterone, propranolol, quinidine, quinine, rifabutin, rifampin, ritonavir, salmeterol, saquinavir, sevoflurane, sildenafil (Viagra), simvastatin, sirolimus, St. John’s wort, tamoxifen, taxol, terfenadine, testosterone, theophylline, trazodone, troglitazone, verapamil, vincristine, zaleplon, zolpidem
Other actions of piperine
Aside from its effects on bioavailability, piperine has a number of other actions in the body. (It is suspected, but not proven, that some of these actions result from piperine’s effects on the bioavailability of other substances.) These actions include:
* Increasing the brain’s production of beta-endorphins
* Pain relief
* Increasing the brain’s production of serotonin
* Anticonvulsant, anti-epileptic action
* Increasing the adrenal glands’ production of epinephrine (adrenaline)
* Altering contractions in the upper and lower digestive tract
* Reducing the stomach’s production of acid (for about 1 hour)
* Decreasing ulceration of the stomach
* Increasing the pancreas’s production of digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin)
* Stimulating production of melanin
* Reducing inflammation due to irritation or allergy
* Relieving asthma symptoms
These actions have been deduced from lab experiments, not clinical studies, and so the dosages required to achieve them are not known."
Piperine ALSO acts as a p-glycoprotein inhibitor
What is Piperine??
Piperine is one of the main actives in common black and white pepper (usually 5-9% by weight) and used both in synthesis, as well as a potentiator of many compounds, in that it inhibits certain enzymes that break down various actives, increasing bioavailability. (Meaning it increases the % of a substance that your body can absorb)
(Specifically, Piperine is a P450 inhibitor, as well as a p-glycoprotein inhibitor)
NOTES: Gloved are a good idea to use to avoid getting piperine onto sensitive areas (burns similar to capsaicin)
While the pepper/alcohol solution is still concentrated, it can evaporate/easy to inhale which can be irritating, but
relatively harmless
Step 1:
Grind/pulverize black pepper (Piper nigrum)
I just used a regular bladed coffee grinder
Step 1.5:
It may be possible to increase yield of piperine and shorten duration of extraction time by microwaving the pepper for a minute or two on high (spread the coarsely ground pepper evenly on a plate), prior to adding to your solvent. (may want to add a mug of water while microwaving to protect the magnetron)
-Credit to Crystalito
(no personal experience yet)
Step 2:
Soak/Shake pepper in a jar with 91% or higher isopropanol (rubbing) alcohol for a day or two
(the ratio for pepper to alcohol isn't exact, but its good to have the alcohol level decently higher then the pepper level when settled to make decanting easier)
this picture is after i already decanted some with a syringe
NOTE: May be possible to substitute ISO with water and the addition of a surfacent (odium dodecyl sulfate) for those of you who dont have easy/cheap access to rubbing alcohol.
Credit to Crystalito
(no firsthand experience)
Step 3:
Dilute the alcohol you decanted off with water.
(again, the proportions aren't precise, just dilute the alcohol solution enough to make it cloudy, you cant really add too much water, it just means you'll just need to filter more solution)
as soon as you add the solution to water the piperine should precipitate as it is insoluble in water
Step 4:
Shake the watered down solution briefly and then let it sit for several days (two or three)
should look about like this
Step 5:
Filter out your crystals! (while you cant see them since they're suspended in the solution, the crystals have separated and grown large enough to not pass through he coffee filter (I used the top portion of a 2-liter bottle with just one regular circular coffee filter, no need to double up)
Step 6:
Let dry and scrape up (its ready to go!) it looks like yellow cotton candy in person.. also can be re-crystalized if you want to try to grow beautiful crystals, however they are ready to use now!
(I suggest those who are interested/dont know yet to also look up curcumin, as piperine increases absorption by up to 2000%)
List of Piperine affected substances
(taken from Observant's post here in the nexus)
"Table 1. Substances for which piperine has been directly shown to increase bioavailability.
barbiturates
beta-carotene
coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
curcumin (extract from turmeric)
dapsone
ethambutol isoniazid
nalorphine
phenytoin
propranolol
pyrazinamide
rifampicin selenium (from selenomethionine)
sulfadiazene
theophylline
vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine)
glucose (absorption increased)
amino acids (absorption increased)
A far larger list could be compiled of substances (including drugs and dietary substances) whose bioavailability is assumed to be altered by piperine due to the known effects of piperine on proteins that metabolize or transport these substances.
Table 2 lists some of the drugs that fall into this category. It would be useful to have an analogous list for dietary substances, but in most cases the data do not exist.
Table 2. Metabolizing enzymes inhibited or induced by piperine, and a few of the substances whose bioavailability is affected by these enzymes. Metabolizing Enzymes: CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP1B2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4
Drugs: acetaminophen, alfentanyl, amiodarone, amlodipine, astemizole, atorvastatin, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, buspirone, Cafergot, caffeine, carbamazepine, cerivastatin, chlorpheniramine, chlorzoxazone, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, cisapride, clarithromycin, cocaine, codeine, cyclosporine, dapsone, dextromethorphan, diethyl-dithiocarbamate, diltiazem, disulfiram, efavirenz, enflurane, eplerenone, erythromycin, estradiol, ethanol, felodipine, fentanyl, finasteride, fluconazole, fluvoxamine, gestodene, Gleevec, glucocorticoids, haloperidol, halothane, hydrocortisone, indinavir, irinotecan, isoflurane, isoniazid, itraconazole, ketoconazole, LAAM, lercanidipine, lidocaine, lovastatin, methadone, methoxyflurane, mibefradil, mifepristone, modafinil, nefazodone, nelfinavir, nevirapine, nifedipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, norfloxacin, norfluoxetine, odanestron, phenobarbital, phenytoin, pimozide, pioglitazone, progesterone, propranolol, quinidine, quinine, rifabutin, rifampin, ritonavir, salmeterol, saquinavir, sevoflurane, sildenafil (Viagra), simvastatin, sirolimus, St. John’s wort, tamoxifen, taxol, terfenadine, testosterone, theophylline, trazodone, troglitazone, verapamil, vincristine, zaleplon, zolpidem
Other actions of piperine
Aside from its effects on bioavailability, piperine has a number of other actions in the body. (It is suspected, but not proven, that some of these actions result from piperine’s effects on the bioavailability of other substances.) These actions include:
* Increasing the brain’s production of beta-endorphins
* Pain relief
* Increasing the brain’s production of serotonin
* Anticonvulsant, anti-epileptic action
* Increasing the adrenal glands’ production of epinephrine (adrenaline)
* Altering contractions in the upper and lower digestive tract
* Reducing the stomach’s production of acid (for about 1 hour)
* Decreasing ulceration of the stomach
* Increasing the pancreas’s production of digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin)
* Stimulating production of melanin
* Reducing inflammation due to irritation or allergy
* Relieving asthma symptoms
These actions have been deduced from lab experiments, not clinical studies, and so the dosages required to achieve them are not known."
Piperine ALSO acts as a p-glycoprotein inhibitor
