Thanks for response
After 2 more days in room temperature ( no more space in fridge) perticipation on surface increased but looks more oily than before (maybe due to temprature) with few about 0,5mm crystal growths. Its from very small doses of MHRB.
Process seems very slow maybe salting will help to push it to surface quicker
Have option to try it with NaCl,citrate salt,MgSO4 in some future tests.
Curious how much effect salts have to push freebase to top may also usefull to increase intial pulls with NPS.
notes Salting:
Specific Ion Effects and the Hofmeister Series
The degree of salting-out, reflecting the activity coefficient of the aqueous solution, is sometimes attributed to aqueous ionic strength, as Debye–Hückel theory provides a direct mathematical link.(47) However, without the inclusion of additional empirical parameters, this relationship only holds true up to 0.1 M in salt concentration. This upper bound greatly limits its relevance, since salting out is typically performed with much higher salt concentrations.(37b, 48) At these higher concentrations, specific ion effects(49) are observed instead, which is the general and consistent ordering of anions in relation to their salting-out strengths.(35) For example, in one of the earliest studies on salting-out, the following sequences were found for decreasing the water solubility of phenylthiourea with respect to the anions: OH– ≈ SO42– ≈ CO32– > ClO3– ≈ BrO3– ≈ Cl– ≈ OAc– ≈ IO3– > Br– ≈ I– > NO3–; and the cations: Na+ > K+ > Li+ ≈ Ba2+ ≈ Rb+ ≈ Ca2+ ≈ Ni2+ ≈ Co2+ ≈ Mg2+ ≈ Fe2+ ≈ Zn2+ ≈ Cs+ ≈ Mn2+ ≈ Al3+ > NH4+ > H+.(34a) Conspicuously, it has been observed in the vast majority of cases that the anion has a much larger effect than the cation and the ordering of anions in terms of salting power is nearly constant.(35, 50) Anions in the beginning of this series through approximately Cl– will salt-out and are often called kosmotropes (order-making), while anions near the end of this series will salt-in and are often called chaotropes (chaos-making). The sequence for cations, however, is more variable and sensitive to the nature of the solute, particularly when polar functional groups are present.(35a, 51) A limited number of studies have explored the scope of salting-out/in with respect to the solute’s structure, but some general trends have been established. The magnitude of specific ion effects will generally increase with the following attributes of the nonelectrolyte: (1) higher polarizability,(52) (e.g., extended aromatics), (2) larger molecular size/volume,(34b, 35a, 53) and (3) lower polarity.(54)
Salting effects have further significance because they trend closely with the Hofmeister series.(55, 56) This phenomenon is the empirical ordering of salts based on the minimum concentration needed to cause protein precipitation from an aqueous solution. The sequence established for anions ordered from most to least precipitating is CO32– > SO42– > S2O32– > H2PO4– > F– > Cl– > Br– ≈ NO3– > I– > ClO4– > SCN–; and for cations: (CH3)4N+ > Cs+ > Rb+ > NH4+ > K+ > Na+ > Li+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+. Strikingly, the sequence for anions parallels the salting-out series for small molecules while the sequence for cations is rearranged (vida infra). The Hofmeister series also has far-reaching importance(57) with relevance to diverse fields including aquatic(35b, 58) and atmospheric chemistry,(59) microbiology,(60) physiology and medicine,(61) biochemistry,(62) food chemistry,(63) anion binding and host–guest interactions,(64) chromatography,(65) and polymer behavior.(66) Although the observations by Hofmeister may appear unrelated to the current discussion, many of the same underlying chemical forces are responsible for the Hofmeister series and salting-out/in of small molecules. The importance of these effects on solution chemistry is likely why the Hofmeister series is so prevalent throughout the physical and biological sciences.
source:https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00197
After 2 more days in room temperature ( no more space in fridge) perticipation on surface increased but looks more oily than before (maybe due to temprature) with few about 0,5mm crystal growths. Its from very small doses of MHRB.
Process seems very slow maybe salting will help to push it to surface quicker
Have option to try it with NaCl,citrate salt,MgSO4 in some future tests.
Curious how much effect salts have to push freebase to top may also usefull to increase intial pulls with NPS.
notes Salting:
Specific Ion Effects and the Hofmeister Series
The degree of salting-out, reflecting the activity coefficient of the aqueous solution, is sometimes attributed to aqueous ionic strength, as Debye–Hückel theory provides a direct mathematical link.(47) However, without the inclusion of additional empirical parameters, this relationship only holds true up to 0.1 M in salt concentration. This upper bound greatly limits its relevance, since salting out is typically performed with much higher salt concentrations.(37b, 48) At these higher concentrations, specific ion effects(49) are observed instead, which is the general and consistent ordering of anions in relation to their salting-out strengths.(35) For example, in one of the earliest studies on salting-out, the following sequences were found for decreasing the water solubility of phenylthiourea with respect to the anions: OH– ≈ SO42– ≈ CO32– > ClO3– ≈ BrO3– ≈ Cl– ≈ OAc– ≈ IO3– > Br– ≈ I– > NO3–; and the cations: Na+ > K+ > Li+ ≈ Ba2+ ≈ Rb+ ≈ Ca2+ ≈ Ni2+ ≈ Co2+ ≈ Mg2+ ≈ Fe2+ ≈ Zn2+ ≈ Cs+ ≈ Mn2+ ≈ Al3+ > NH4+ > H+.(34a) Conspicuously, it has been observed in the vast majority of cases that the anion has a much larger effect than the cation and the ordering of anions in terms of salting power is nearly constant.(35, 50) Anions in the beginning of this series through approximately Cl– will salt-out and are often called kosmotropes (order-making), while anions near the end of this series will salt-in and are often called chaotropes (chaos-making). The sequence for cations, however, is more variable and sensitive to the nature of the solute, particularly when polar functional groups are present.(35a, 51) A limited number of studies have explored the scope of salting-out/in with respect to the solute’s structure, but some general trends have been established. The magnitude of specific ion effects will generally increase with the following attributes of the nonelectrolyte: (1) higher polarizability,(52) (e.g., extended aromatics), (2) larger molecular size/volume,(34b, 35a, 53) and (3) lower polarity.(54)
Salting effects have further significance because they trend closely with the Hofmeister series.(55, 56) This phenomenon is the empirical ordering of salts based on the minimum concentration needed to cause protein precipitation from an aqueous solution. The sequence established for anions ordered from most to least precipitating is CO32– > SO42– > S2O32– > H2PO4– > F– > Cl– > Br– ≈ NO3– > I– > ClO4– > SCN–; and for cations: (CH3)4N+ > Cs+ > Rb+ > NH4+ > K+ > Na+ > Li+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+. Strikingly, the sequence for anions parallels the salting-out series for small molecules while the sequence for cations is rearranged (vida infra). The Hofmeister series also has far-reaching importance(57) with relevance to diverse fields including aquatic(35b, 58) and atmospheric chemistry,(59) microbiology,(60) physiology and medicine,(61) biochemistry,(62) food chemistry,(63) anion binding and host–guest interactions,(64) chromatography,(65) and polymer behavior.(66) Although the observations by Hofmeister may appear unrelated to the current discussion, many of the same underlying chemical forces are responsible for the Hofmeister series and salting-out/in of small molecules. The importance of these effects on solution chemistry is likely why the Hofmeister series is so prevalent throughout the physical and biological sciences.
source:https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00197
