I can only post here, so. Since alcohol and benzos are Gaba antagonist and both physically addictive. Now from my understanding so isn't muscimol. so if one was using low doses for like a sleep aide does it have the potential for addiction.
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muscimol? Addictive
- Thread starter LawnMan
- Start date
Hatersgunnahate
Rising Star
Neural bases for addictive properties of benzodiazepines
Kelly R. Tan1, Matthew Brown1,6, Gwenaël Labouèbe1,6, Cédric Yvon1,6, Cyril Creton1, Jean-Marc Fritschy2, Uwe Rudolph3 & Christian Lüscher1,4,5
1. Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
2. Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
3. Laboratory of Genetic Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA
4. Clinic of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
5. Geneva Neuroscience Center, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
6. These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence to: Christian Lüscher1,4,5 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.L. (Email: christian.luscher@unige.ch).
Top of page
Abstract
Benzodiazepines are widely used in clinics and for recreational purposes, but will lead to addiction in vulnerable individuals. Addictive drugs increase the levels of dopamine and also trigger long-lasting synaptic adaptations in the mesolimbic reward system that ultimately may induce the pathological behaviour. The neural basis for the addictive nature of benzodiazepines, however, remains elusive. Here we show that benzodiazepines increase firing of dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area through the positive modulation of GABAA (γ-aminobutyric acid type A) receptors in nearby interneurons. Such disinhibition, which relies on α1-containing GABAA receptors expressed in these cells, triggers drug-evoked synaptic plasticity in excitatory afferents onto dopamine neurons and underlies drug reinforcement. Taken together, our data provide evidence that benzodiazepines share defining pharmacological features of addictive drugs through cell-type-specific expression of α1-containing GABAA receptors in the ventral tegmental area. The data also indicate that subunit-selective benzodiazepines sparing α1 may be devoid of addiction liability.
1. Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
2. Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
3. Laboratory of Genetic Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA
4. Clinic of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
5. Geneva Neuroscience Center, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
6. These authors contributed equally to this work.
good question took me a wile to find this, i hope it answers your questions... the answer is slightly yes, and you should ber able to put it down and walk away for a month or 2. thats what i have found.
Kelly R. Tan1, Matthew Brown1,6, Gwenaël Labouèbe1,6, Cédric Yvon1,6, Cyril Creton1, Jean-Marc Fritschy2, Uwe Rudolph3 & Christian Lüscher1,4,5
1. Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
2. Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
3. Laboratory of Genetic Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA
4. Clinic of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
5. Geneva Neuroscience Center, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
6. These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence to: Christian Lüscher1,4,5 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.L. (Email: christian.luscher@unige.ch).
Top of page
Abstract
Benzodiazepines are widely used in clinics and for recreational purposes, but will lead to addiction in vulnerable individuals. Addictive drugs increase the levels of dopamine and also trigger long-lasting synaptic adaptations in the mesolimbic reward system that ultimately may induce the pathological behaviour. The neural basis for the addictive nature of benzodiazepines, however, remains elusive. Here we show that benzodiazepines increase firing of dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area through the positive modulation of GABAA (γ-aminobutyric acid type A) receptors in nearby interneurons. Such disinhibition, which relies on α1-containing GABAA receptors expressed in these cells, triggers drug-evoked synaptic plasticity in excitatory afferents onto dopamine neurons and underlies drug reinforcement. Taken together, our data provide evidence that benzodiazepines share defining pharmacological features of addictive drugs through cell-type-specific expression of α1-containing GABAA receptors in the ventral tegmental area. The data also indicate that subunit-selective benzodiazepines sparing α1 may be devoid of addiction liability.
1. Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
2. Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
3. Laboratory of Genetic Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA
4. Clinic of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
5. Geneva Neuroscience Center, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
6. These authors contributed equally to this work.
good question took me a wile to find this, i hope it answers your questions... the answer is slightly yes, and you should ber able to put it down and walk away for a month or 2. thats what i have found.
I ate some amanitas years ago. I did not reach any psychedelic effects, but I can say that the sleep I had that night is probably the best I have had in my entire life. Felt like I was sleeping on a cloud. So relaxing. Felt great the day after.DiMiTriX said:
I picked it in autumn.
If you cook them I'm pretty sure that converts the acid to muscinol.
Hatersgunnahate
Rising Star
A. muscaria should be dried completely before ingestion, many people recommend heating / toasting the mushroom to dry it. The drying/heating process probably reduces or converts (decarboxylates) the ibotenic acid in the mushroom into muscimol, making it less toxic-feeling and more psychoactive (consider lowering your dosage if you heat the A. muscaria first).
POTENCY VARIATION :
Most people start quite low when first working with Amanita muscaria, especially with an untested variety. Usually 1 small to medium cap is used as a starting dose. Once the strength of a given sample is known, dosages closer to 1-5 caps totaling 5-20 grams of dried material may be taken.
The potency of individual A. muscaria mushrooms is highy variable, seemingly dependent upon the season in which they are picked and significant regional variations.
Mushrooms from the same area in different seasons may have different effects (ratio of nausea/body effects to mental/entheogenic effects).
"The most powerful mushrooms were picked in the middle of August when the season was beginning. In the mushroom picked in September the narcotic and physical effects were predominant whereas in August the "visionary" and psychedelic effects were more highlighted. "
from Disembodied Eyes
The skin and the layer of material directly underneath is considered the most potent.
Erowid Psychoactive Amanitas Vault : Effects
Information about the mental and physical effects of Psychoactive Amanita spp (Amanita muscaria, pantherina, etc).
www.erowid.org
POTENCY VARIATION :
Most people start quite low when first working with Amanita muscaria, especially with an untested variety. Usually 1 small to medium cap is used as a starting dose. Once the strength of a given sample is known, dosages closer to 1-5 caps totaling 5-20 grams of dried material may be taken.
The potency of individual A. muscaria mushrooms is highy variable, seemingly dependent upon the season in which they are picked and significant regional variations.
Mushrooms from the same area in different seasons may have different effects (ratio of nausea/body effects to mental/entheogenic effects).
"The most powerful mushrooms were picked in the middle of August when the season was beginning. In the mushroom picked in September the narcotic and physical effects were predominant whereas in August the "visionary" and psychedelic effects were more highlighted. "
from Disembodied Eyes
The skin and the layer of material directly underneath is considered the most potent.
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