For cleaning glassware, my procedure is:
1 - Warm water with dishwashing detergent.
Works wonders on most stuff. Like with the dishes, a bit of soaking helps, a soft brush will give the coup the grace to most dirt and crud. If your particular glassware is incompatible with common dishwashing brushes, invest in a long slender bendable brush. An alternative hack is to use sand. Don't use river or sediment sand (sharp sand) because that will scratch the glass, making it more prone to catch dirt. If you have to use sand, only ever use beach sand.
2 - 95.5% Alcohol.
Available as methylated spirits or as bio-ethanol or spiritus or whatever it is that your supermarket sells. It doesn't matter if it has colorants and additives, those can be flushed with water afterwards. The comments above about a brush apply here also.
3 - Nail polish remover.
Sometimes it comes as nearly pure acetone, sometimes it comes as ethyl acetate or a mixture of the latter with ethanol. Again, and a brush.
4 - Bleach (NaOCl)
Housekeepers' tactical cleaning weapon, bleach has amazing cleaning potential. It is both oxidizing and strongly alkaline. Even though this is very OTC household stuff, we are rapidly approaching the ugly zone now. Use caution and abundant personal protection gear, like goggles and gloves. Don't mix bleach with ammonia or with hydrochloric acid. Each year housekeepers die because they didn't know that.
5 - Try again
If you have come this far, and have removed most dirt, but some pesky crud still remains, try going back to step 1. It might just work, now that the unresponsive blobs are gone.
6 - DCM, chloroform or toluene.
This is where it gets ugly (and stinky). 99.9% of common glaasware stains can be removed with the aid of the above methods and some elbow grease (or patience). If you did not succeed with the above, try them again before your go here.
7 - Ethanolic KOH.
This is where it gets really ugly. If you have to use measures this drastic, consider buying new glassware instead. In any case, use of KOH is preferred over NaOH as the former is a lot less prone to damage the glass.
8 - Try again
If you have come this far, and have removed most dirt, but some pesky crud still remains, try going back to step 1. It might just work, now that the unresponsive blobs are gone.
9 - Accept some traces and markings that will not yield to all your efforts so far.
Just accept it, if all your efforts failed at dislodging some last traces of crud on the inside of the glassware, what are the odds that it will ever come off? Consider it inert, and part of the glass. If the functionality of the glassware is severely impeded by a large accumulation of crud, bin it and buy a replacement. Otherwise keep it and occasionally look at the marking, and try to have sentimental feelings about your past mistakes. Consider it like that tattoo you woke up with after that night when you can't remember how drunk you got, perhaps. At least with the glassware stains, you remember how you got them (unless you made them too while incredibly drunk).
27486 - chromic acid or piranha/caro's acid (peroxysulphuric acid) or similar
Don't do this. Unless, perhaps, you wrecked a 50 cm diameter glass frit while attempting to filter ground rue seeds with it. If you did, just repent and buy a new one, stupid. And don't grind rue seeds anyway. If you still insist on living dangerously and using these lethal oxidants, at least make sure that there are no organic solvents left in the frit, especially acetone (oops...BOOM) Again, simply: Don't do this.
